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The industry is trying to get them treated from a regulatory perspective and branding and messaging perspective as if theyre unequivocally safer and cause less harm than cigarettes, but they are much closer to a cigarette than e-cigarettes because of the heating process, said Tim McAfee, the former head of the Office for Smoking and Health at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Another trend is an increasing share of illicit cigarettes openly sold through legally registered shops and kiosks

2 Cigarette smoke exposure in children not only leads to wheezing, recurrent pulmonary and ear infections, and asthma, but it may also worsen pre-existing lung conditions (Weiss et al., 1999

Hammond and colleagues (2017) surveyed Canadian high school students (n = 17,318) and found that past 30-day e-cigarette use among baseline never smokers was associated with increased likelihood of smoking a whole cigarette by follow-up and that past 30-day e-cigarette use among baseline never daily smokers was associated with increased odds of having smoked daily for at least 7 consecutive days by follow-up after adjusting for covariates