In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, once-weekly exenatide (2 mg) administered for 48 weeks significantly improved motor scores in patients with PD, with benefits sustained even after treatment discontinuation ( Collectively, these findings indicate that incretin mimetics provide neuroprotection extending beyond metabolic regulation by targeting multiple pathogenic processes in PD, including mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation from oxidative stress, sirtuin dysregulation, insulin resistance, and S toxicity (Figure 2)
Regulatory T cell stability and migration are dependent on mTOR
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