With specific effects on infiltrating macrophages in streptozotocin-induced diabetes, exendin-4 attenuated adverse cardiac remodeling.59 Exendin-4 has also been shown to moderate the enteric immune response by reducing the production of proinflammatory cytokines.60 Furthermore, the authors validated that the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines can be reduced by exendin-4, mainly by downregulating NF-B phosphorylation and nuclear translocation.60 In addition, exendin-4 was demonstrated to lower hepatic production of the inflammatory markers TNF-, IL-6, IL-1, and macrophage markers in high-fat-diet mice.61 To explore whether GLP-1RA improve ovarian function in PCOS mice by inhibiting inflammation, we examined the effects of semaglutide on systemic and ovarian inflammation
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