glutathione pathway oxidative stress Pathways General pathway of oxidative stress

Histamine can increase intestinal permeability (leaky gut), leading to bloating, cramping, and digestive distress, such as by causing fluctuating diarrhea and constipation, gas, abdominal pain, and discomfort after eating high-histamine foods

International Journal of Obesity, 25(10), 1442-1449

In the FF, melatonin eliminates free radicals and stimulates antioxidant enzymes in addition to promote sex steroid hormone production by granulosa cells which support follicle development leading to ovulation (7)

Moreover, other histidine residues of the neighboring PrPs can be involved in Cu 2+ anchoring, with an end result of PrP formation of oligomers (Yang et al., 2008)